631.331

зернові культури
сівба
насіння
food grains
sowing
seeds

Одним із найважливіших технологічних заходів в аграрному виробництві є сівба сільськогосподарських культур, тому ми привели економічне обґрунтування нового способу сівби зернових культур підгрунтово-розкидним способом. Цей спосіб забезпечує кращі умови сівби, живлення і раціонального використання поживних елементів, грунтів та сонячної енергії, що дасть можливість підвищити врожайності на 10...15%. Крім цього, це дає можливість зменшити застосування хімічних препаратів для боротьби з бур’янами і зменшує трудоємність вирощування зернових.
One of the most important production-effective measures in the agricultural production is the sowing of agricultural crops, application of the under-soil broadcast sowing in particular. The most often this problem arises while growing food grains, the area of feeding of which requires efficient application of the soil minerals and solar energy. Besides, it makes possible to decrease the application of chemicals for weeds removal. The objective of the work is to raise the crop capacity due to the even distribution of seeds on the feeding area basing on the power-saving technologies. New construction of the operating member- ploughshare, which provides technological-economic interpreting of the production-effective process of food grains sowing, has been proposed. To calculate the economic efficiency the main indices, which take into account the manufacturing and maintenance of the row and experimental drills: saving of maintenance and labour expenses, savings per year, additional expenses justification, grain production profitability, drills construction metal- consumption, etc, have been found. Analytical dependencies of determination the maintenance expenses for the driller operation unit have been derived. The annual economic effect index was found as the difference of annual presented and comparative variants as well as the metal-consumption of the ploughshare or machine construction. Besides, new coefficients of the paying variation of the seeds even distribution on the feeding area, as well as the increase of the seeds sowing row width in the under-ploughshare area, have been derived by the authors. It has been determined, that according to the main indices the experimental drill possesses higher economic efficiency than that CСЗС-2.1. Application of the developed ploughshares makes possible to decrease the maintenances expenses for 1 hectare of sowing by 30% and labour expenses by 32.9%. Annual decrease of the expenses or the annual economic efficiency due to the application of experimental drill is 11968 hrns as compared with that of the drill СЗС 2.1.