621.762.4

microstructure, hard alloys, wear resistant.

Hard alloys based on titanium carbide, alloying by vanadium carbide and tungsten carbide (nano tungsten carbide) with nickel chromium binder have been developed in order to replace tungsten cobalt hard alloys used for the manufacturing of wear-resistant parts and cutting elements of plows, cultivators and other agricultural machines. These alloys possess higher hardness and wear resistance and provide reliable and long-lasting operation during exploitation. Research of tribotechnical properties of TiC – VC – WC/nano–WC – NiCr hard alloys at different sliding speeds on chrome steel AISI 52100 and AISI 5040 has been carried out on a M-22M friction machine according to scheme the shaft (counter-shaft) – partial insert (alloy). Friction coefficient and weight wear have been determined in given research depending on the sliding speed and chemical composition of the alloys (content of WC/nanoWC 5, 10, 15% (wt.)) under test conditions: sliding speed 1, 2, 3 m/s, constant load 1,5 MPa, the friction path at each of sliding speeds is 5 km. The character and wear-mechanism of the alloys have been determined by metallographic investigations of the friction surface using the REM-106 microscope. It has been found that alloying by nano-WC reduces the friction coefficient and weight wear compared to alloys with fine WC. The main mechanism of the researched alloys wear is abrasion. The analysis of the wear zone has testified that it consists of two sections– abrasive wear and tribo layer, which contains a considerable amount of oxygen and the alloy’s and processed material’s elements. The obtained level of tribotechnical characteristics of the alloys makes it possible to recommend them for the elements of agricultural machines operating under the friction and wear.

1. Prokopiv M. M., Kharchenko O. V., Tsap I. V. Metalorizalʹnomu instrumentu z tverdoho splavu T5K10 – novu yakistʹ (T5K10 hard-alloy metal-cutting tool – new quality). Porodorazrushayushchyy y metalloobrabatyvayushchyy ynstrument – tekhnyka y tekhnolohyya eho yz·hotovlenyya y prymenenyya. 2012. Vol. 20. P. 422–425. [In Ukrainian].
2. Brookes Kenneth J. A. Hardmetalls still at the cutting edge. Metal Powder Report. 1999. Vol. 54. No. 9. P. 21–23.
3. Bellosi A., Cаlzavarini R., Faga M. G. et al. Characterisation and application of titanium carbonitride-based cutting tools. J. of Mat. Proc. Techn. 2003. 143–144. Pp. 527–532.
4. Yan Li, Ning Liu, Xiaobo Zhang, Chunlan Rong Effect of WC content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti,W)(C,N)-Co cermets. Int. Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials. Accepted Manuscript. 2008. Vol. 26. Issue 1. P. 33–40.
5. Kubarsepp J., Reshetnyak H., Pirso J. Features of Wear of TiC-base Hardmetals. Proceeding of 1998 Powder Metallurgy World Congress and Exhibition. Granada (Spain), 1998. Vol. 4. P. 75–79.
6. Li L., Liu N., Zhang X., Rong C. Effect of WC content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti,W)(C,N)-Co cermets. Int. Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials. Accepted Manuscript. 2006. 25 p.
7. Koval I., Bodrova L., Kramar H. et al. Relationship between the structure and properties of polycarbide based hard alloys with nano-WC addings. Proceedings of the World Congress and Exhibition PM-2014 EPMA. London, UK., 2014. 19_Р3_ЕР140178. 5 р.
8. Gevorkyan E. S., Gytsalenko Ju. G., Prokopiv N. M. Effect of Nanosized Particles of Tungsten Monocarbide on the Properties of Hard-Alloy Cutting Materials. Scientific proceedings of Ukrainian Research Institute of Refractories named after A. S. Berezhnoy. 2010. No. 110. P. 313–318.
9. Jung J., Kang S. Effect of ultra-fine powders on the microstructure of Ti(C, N)- xWC -Ni cermets. URL: www.actamat-journals.com. Acta Materiala. 2004. No. 52. P. 1379.
10. Rempel' A. A. Nanotekhnologii, svoystva i primeneniye nanostrukturirovannykh materialov (Nanotechnology, properties and applications of nanostructured materials). Uspekhi khimii, Tom. 76, no. 5, 2007, pp. 474–500. [In Russian].
11. Chao S, Liu N, Yuan Y. P, Han C. L, Xu Y. D, Shi M, Feng J. P. Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine Ti (C,N)-based cermets fabricated from nano/submicro starting powders. Ceram Int 2005, 31, pp. 851–886.
12. Richter V., Poetschke J., Holke R., Michaelis A. Nanoscaled Hardmetals. Fiction or Reality? 18 Plansee Seminar, 2013. Reutte, Austria, 2013, 17 p. Bibliogr: 42 titles.
13. Khyzhnyak O. V., Kurdybaylo R. A., Khyzhnyak V. H. Znosostiyki bahatokomponentni karbidni Ti, V, Cr pokryttya na stali U10A ta tverdomu splavi T15K6 (Wear-resistant carbide multicomponent Ti, V, Cr coatings on U10A steel hard alloy T15K6). Naukovo-tekhnichnyy zhurnal “Problemy tertya ta znoshuvannya”, no. 2 (67), 2015, pp. 35–41. [In Ukrainian].
14. Zaloga V. A., Kriviruchko D. V., Ya.Levedev V. et al. The effect of the nitrogen ion–beam implantation on adhesiveness of the WC–8Co hard alloy). Journal of Superhard Materials 34, pp. 44–48, 2012.
15. Hignjak V. G, Calashnicov G. Y., Harchenko N. A. et al. The Structure, Composition and Properties Nitrided Alloys after Diffusion Metallization. Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics. Vol. 7, No. 4, 6 pp. 2015.
16. Kolesnichenko V. G., Herrmann M., Varchenko V. T., Zgalat-Lozinskii O. B. Friction and wear of TiN–Si3N4 nanocomposites against ShKh15 steel. Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics. 2015. Vol. 53, no. 11–12. P. 680–687.
17. Bodrova L., Kramar H., Kovalchuk Y., Marynenko S., Koval I.. Structure Formation of Polycarbide-Based TiC-VC(NbC)-WC/nano WC Hard Alloys/Boundary field problems and computer simulation. Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. 2018. Vol. 57. P. 35–40.

1. Prokopiv M. M., Kharchenko O. V., Tsap I. V. Metalorizalʹnomu instrumentu z tverdoho splavu T5K10 – novu yakistʹ (T5K10 hard-alloy metal-cutting tool – new quality). Porodorazrushayushchyy y metalloobrabatyvayushchyy ynstrument – tekhnyka y tekhnolohyya eho yz·hotovlenyya y prymenenyya. 2012. Vol. 20. P. 422–425. [In Ukrainian].
2. Brookes Kenneth J. A. Hardmetalls still at the cutting edge. Metal Powder Report. 1999. Vol. 54. No. 9. P. 21–23.
3. Bellosi A., Cаlzavarini R., Faga M. G. et al. Characterisation and application of titanium carbonitride-based cutting tools. J. of Mat. Proc. Techn. 2003. 143–144. Pp. 527–532.
4. Yan Li, Ning Liu, Xiaobo Zhang, Chunlan Rong Effect of WC content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti,W)(C,N)-Co cermets. Int. Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials. Accepted Manuscript. 2008. Vol. 26. Issue 1. P. 33–40.
5. Kubarsepp J., Reshetnyak H., Pirso J. Features of Wear of TiC-base Hardmetals. Proceeding of 1998 Powder Metallurgy World Congress and Exhibition. Granada (Spain), 1998. Vol. 4. P. 75–79.
6. Li L., Liu N., Zhang X., Rong C. Effect of WC content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti,W)(C,N)-Co cermets. Int. Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials. Accepted Manuscript. 2006. 25 p.
7. Koval I., Bodrova L., Kramar H. et al. Relationship between the structure and properties of polycarbide based hard alloys with nano-WC addings. Proceedings of the World Congress and Exhibition PM-2014 EPMA. London, UK., 2014. 19_Р3_ЕР140178. 5 р.
8. Gevorkyan E. S., Gytsalenko Ju. G., Prokopiv N. M. Effect of Nanosized Particles of Tungsten Monocarbide on the Properties of Hard-Alloy Cutting Materials. Scientific proceedings of Ukrainian Research Institute of Refractories named after A. S. Berezhnoy. 2010. No. 110. P. 313–318.
9. Jung J., Kang S. Effect of ultra-fine powders on the microstructure of Ti(C, N)- xWC -Ni cermets. URL: www.actamat-journals.com. Acta Materiala. 2004. No. 52. P. 1379.
10. Rempel' A. A. Nanotekhnologii, svoystva i primeneniye nanostrukturirovannykh materialov (Nanotechnology, properties and applications of nanostructured materials). Uspekhi khimii, Tom. 76, no. 5, 2007, pp. 474–500. [In Russian].
11. Chao S, Liu N, Yuan Y. P, Han C. L, Xu Y. D, Shi M, Feng J. P. Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine Ti (C,N)-based cermets fabricated from nano/submicro starting powders. Ceram Int 2005, 31, pp. 851–886.
12. Richter V., Poetschke J., Holke R., Michaelis A. Nanoscaled Hardmetals. Fiction or Reality? 18 Plansee Seminar, 2013. Reutte, Austria, 2013, 17 p. Bibliogr: 42 titles.
13. Khyzhnyak O. V., Kurdybaylo R. A., Khyzhnyak V. H. Znosostiyki bahatokomponentni karbidni Ti, V, Cr pokryttya na stali U10A ta tverdomu splavi T15K6 (Wear-resistant carbide multicomponent Ti, V, Cr coatings on U10A steel hard alloy T15K6). Naukovo-tekhnichnyy zhurnal “Problemy tertya ta znoshuvannya”, no. 2 (67), 2015, pp. 35–41. [In Ukrainian].
14. Zaloga V. A., Kriviruchko D. V., Ya.Levedev V. et al. The effect of the nitrogen ion–beam implantation on adhesiveness of the WC–8Co hard alloy). Journal of Superhard Materials 34, pp. 44–48, 2012.
15. Hignjak V. G, Calashnicov G. Y., Harchenko N. A. et al. The Structure, Composition and Properties Nitrided Alloys after Diffusion Metallization. Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics. Vol. 7, No. 4, 6 pp. 2015.
16. Kolesnichenko V. G., Herrmann M., Varchenko V. T., Zgalat-Lozinskii O. B. Friction and wear of TiN–Si3N4 nanocomposites against ShKh15 steel. Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics. 2015. Vol. 53, no. 11–12. P. 680–687.
17. Bodrova L., Kramar H., Kovalchuk Y., Marynenko S., Koval I.. Structure Formation of Polycarbide-Based TiC-VC(NbC)-WC/nano WC Hard Alloys/Boundary field problems and computer simulation. Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. 2018. Vol. 57. P. 35–40.