621.881

багатолезова обробка
мехатронні інструментальні головки
мікропроцесорна система керування
прецизійна механіка
multi edge machining
mechatronic tool heads
microprocessor-based control system
precession mechanics

Запропоновано конструкції багаторізцевих головок адаптивного типу з пружними напрямними для тонкого точіння, в яких керування положення різця в процесі обробки відбувається через електромагнітний двонаправлений привод різцетримачів з мікроконтролерним інтелектуальним керуванням та гідроциліндрами. Доведено ефективність вирівнювання зусиль різання з допомогою розроблених головок на основі алгоритмів керування, що передбачають стабілізацію як рівнодійної осьових складових сил, так і сумарних переміщень різальних елементів.
The paper deals with the feed and power characteristics in the process of fine turning using multiage heads. The modern problems of fine turning as well as the problems of machining accuracy and continuous chip breakage are analyzed and search directions of manufacturing and constructive design solutions are defined. In addition to machining technology and tools improvement the conceptually new mechatronic heads are developed on the base of precession mechanics, electronics, electro engineering techniques integration with particularly regard to the multi edge machining of adaptive type. Constructive design combination of operational and driving units of cutting machines linear and rotational motion mechanisms that realize the direct-action drive conception allows improving the accuracy, response speed and reducing capacity losses. The presence of automatic control system and manufacturing process control sensing elements incorporated in the given design makes the head intellectual and autonomous that allows creating advanced designs of metal cutting machine units. The designs of fine turning multi edge heads of adaptive type with elastic guides are considered. The turning tool position control in the process of machining is performed by the bidirectional electromagnetic drive of tool holders with intellectual control system based on microcontrollers. As a result the proposed control system gives the possibility to response quickly to the material extraneous impurities while machining as well as redistribute cutting forces in the process of cutting edges wear in the multi edge tools. The information data recording to the independent memory is also available with the following computer analyzing. Two control algorithms for operation of proposed multi edge fine turning cutting heads with elastic guides are proposed. In this way the multi edge turning process control is performed by electronic devices in a form of the programmed CNC system. The input signals of the tool position are submitted to the above system in which they are operated using the necessary algorithm. The signals to control the cutting edges drives are gone out of the CNC system. The dynamical position of the cutting tools is fixed by the feedback sensors communication system. The output signals are sent to the regulatory inconsistencies system to correct the input signals. To prove the mentioned above algorithms operation the determination of feed and forces characteristics are developed. These characteristics deals with two conditions of the work piece multi edge turning: in a case of eccentricity work piece machining and in case of machining of the work piece with a radial run out. Three edge cutting heads designs with elastic guides and electromagnetic and hydro drives are developed to equalize the axial as well as radial components of cutting forces. The effectiveness of equalizing of cutting forces using the developed multi edge heads on the base of control algorithms is proved. These algorithms provide stabilization of summarized axial components of cutting forces as well as summarized cutting elements displacements.